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Patch first › Cleo

Exploited Ransomware

CVE-2024-55956

Cleo Harmony / VLTrader / LexiCom · Managed file transfer (MFT)

Cleo Multiple Products Unauthenticated File Upload Vulnerability

At a glance

Exploited. Added to CISA’s catalog of exploited vulnerabilities on December 17, 2024.

Used in ransomware attacks, according to CISA.

Affected product: Cleo Harmony / VLTrader / LexiCom (category Managed file transfer (MFT), indicative classification). Name in CISA’s catalog: Cleo Multiple Products.

What should I do?

Apply the patches or mitigations from Cleo; if none are available, stop using the product.

Deadline set by CISA for US federal agencies: 21 days (due January 7, 2025). It only binds those agencies, but it is a useful measure of urgency.

Original text of the required action (CISA)

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Timeline

  1. Vulnerability published Publication date (NVD)
  2. Exploitation confirmed Added to CISA’s KEV catalog
  3. CISA deadline Remediation deadline set for US federal agencies

The facts, with their sources

Exploitation confirmed
Yes, on December 17, 2024 Date added to the catalog of exploited vulnerabilities. Exploitation itself may have started earlier. Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
Ransomware
Known use Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
Hunt for compromise
Not requested by CISA Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
CISA required action
Apply the patches or mitigations from Cleo; if none are available, stop using the product. Rewritten by this site from CISA’s original text. Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
CISA deadline
January 7, 2025, 21 days Set for US federal agencies: a measure of urgency, not an obligation elsewhere. Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
Vulnerability published
December 13, 2024 Source: National Vulnerability Database (NVD), collected September 29, 2026 at 15:00 UTC
Product according to CISA
Cleo Multiple Products Filed by this site under “Managed file transfer (MFT)” (indicative classification). Source: KEV catalog, collected September 29, 2026 at 14:57 UTC
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Technical detail of the score: attack vector, complexity, impact. Source: National Vulnerability Database (NVD), collected September 29, 2026 at 15:00 UTC

Severity and activity

9.8 / 10 CVSS severity: critical

Score from the NVD. Collected Sep 29, 2026.

— Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (EPSS)

FIRST’s EPSS model. Since exploitation is already confirmed, this figure is mostly useful to compare activity. Collected Sep 29, 2026.

Description

In Cleo Harmony before 5.8.0.24, VLTrader before 5.8.0.24, and LexiCom before 5.8.0.24, an unauthenticated user can import and execute arbitrary Bash or PowerShell commands on the host system by leveraging the default settings of the Autorun directory.

Official description from the NVD, collected Sep 29, 2026. CVE® description © The MITRE Corporation.

Cleo Harmony, VLTrader, and LexiCom, which are managed file transfer products, contain an unrestricted file upload vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated user to import and execute arbitrary bash or PowerShell commands on the host system by leveraging the default settings of the Autorun directory.

Summary from CISA (KEV catalog).

CERT-FR advisories

No advisory among the latest CERT-FR publications this site follows. That does not mean there are none.

Information reused under the Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab); the date of last update is shown for each advisory. This site is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by ANSSI.

Sources for this page

  • CISA KEV catalog: exploitation, date added, required action, deadline, ransomware.
  • NVD (NIST): CVSS severity, publication date, description, vendor references.
  • EPSS (FIRST): probability of exploitation.
  • CERT-FR: advisories and alerts (in French).
  • Brand and category: indicative classification by this site (method).